arxiv.org/abs/2512.11390 A Kinetic Study of the Interactions of an Acoustic Vibrating Surface with Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Instabilities
Direct Simulation Monte Carlo simulations of Mach 6 flow over a flat plate show second-mode (Mack) instabilities arising spontaneously from gas kinetic fluctuations. An acoustic vibrating surface amplifies waves at an unstable 250 kHz and damps disturbances at a stable 400 kHz, without altering other frequencies or the mean flow.
— via arXiv — Physics, Mert Senkardesler, Irmak T. Karpuzcu, Deborah A. Levin
