https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220523150621.htm

"These soft robots demonstrate a concept called 'physical intelligence,' meaning that structural design and smart materials are what allow the soft robot to navigate various situations, as opposed to computational intelligence," says Jie Yin, corresponding author of a paper on the work and an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at NC State.

The soft robots are made of liquid crystal elastomers in the shape of a twisted ribbon, resembling translucent rotini. When you place the ribbon on a surface that is at least 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit), which is hotter than the ambient air, the portion of the ribbon touching the surface contracts, while the portion of the ribbon exposed to the air does not. This induces a rolling motion in the ribbon. And the warmer the surface, the faster it rolls. Video of the ribbon-like soft robots can be found at https://youtu.be/7q1f_JO5i60.